مؤسسة الشرق الأوسط للنشر العلمي
عادةً ما يتم الرد في غضون خمس دقائق
This article aims to elucidate that Sibawayh's syntactic system operates according to three central systems: the input system of linguistic propositions in its cognitive dimension represented by the noun, the operative dimension represented by the verb, and the positional-operational syntactic operations system; and the output system of grammatical analysis. Each system operates in turn according to a set of subsystems that, in turn, are based on a set of central axes during their operation. Regarding the input system, we find: the cognitive level controlling syntactic propositions, based on the mastery axis for the noun and the action axis for the verb. As for the positional-operational syntactic operations system, there are two internal and external systems. The internal system consists of internal working mechanisms, relying on the following axes: the position axis, where positions are arranged in a preserved hierarchical, pyramid-like, and variable syntactic order. The nominative position tops all syntactic positions, followed by the accusative position in the second and third ranks; the work axis, where nouns occupy the preceding positions; and the "building on" axis, by which nouns are built based on their factors after occupying those positions. These three axes come together to form the positional syntactic level, resulting in the first generation. As for the external system of positional syntactic operations, it is organized according to a set of systems as follows: the external working mechanisms system represented by the action of factors in nouns; the grammatical tagging system for factors in the governed phrases, considering that the verb is the basis for action and conjugation, and the noun is the basis for grammatical analysis. The syntactic hierarchical system that preserves the positional hierarchy is maintained, reserving the first rank for the nominatives, the second rank for the accusatives, and the third rank for the genitives. The surface rotational arrangement, subject to the speaker's intention and the requirements of the context, changes the order of the inflected words accordingly. Regarding the third system represented by the output system, it is related to two systems: the first system consists of responsive factors and non-responsive factors, generating two organized systems as follows: the inflected and derived system, and the grammatical case system, and the system of grammatical marks and their distribution according to those cases. These three systems come together to form the syntactic system of inflections, resulting in the third generation. As for the second system, it is the lexical verification system, where propositions are filled and replaced with morpho-syntactic functional units to achieve the lexical level.