مؤسسة الشرق الأوسط للنشر العلمي
عادةً ما يتم الرد في غضون خمس دقائق
This article analyzes the roles of Iran and Turkey in the Syrian civil conflict, emphasizing their historical ties to Damascus and conflicting strategies post-2011. Iran views Syria as crucial for its "axis of resistance," providing considerable military and financial support, while Turkey's approach has evolved from initially backing the opposition to focusing on limiting Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) influence through controlled military engagements. The study applies neoclassical realism to explore how each nation's domestic dynamics and security concerns shaped their foreign policies. It also covers significant events leading to the Assad regime's decline in December 2024 and the onset of a Turkish-mediated PKK disarmament initiative in 2025, which prompted Turkey to reassess its relationship with Kurdish groups. The narrative integrates historical analysis with statistical data on refugee movements, civilian casualties, and military actions, supported by comparative tables and graphics, illustrating the complex interplay between Iran and Turkey’s decisions and the evolving power dynamics in the Middle East.