مؤسسة الشرق الأوسط للنشر العلمي
عادةً ما يتم الرد في غضون خمس دقائق
Cancer, the most common and dangerous malignancy originating from cell proliferation in epithelial tissues, is a significant global health issue. This discussion highlights various cancer types, their onset, and measures to prevent them. Carcinomas, which include breast, lung, colon, cervical, and skin cancers, account for more than 80% of malignancies worldwide. These cancers arise from genetic changes due to aging, environmental influences, and infections like human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B (HBV).Breast cancer, the most prevalent among women, involves the abnormal enlargement of breast epithelial cells influenced by factors such as age, genetics, hormone imbalances, and exposure to smoke. Lung cancer, primarily caused by tobacco smoke, is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Colon and rectal cancers are also major concerns, often linked to dietary and lifestyle factors.Cervical cancer development is closely associated with persistent HPV infections, particularly high-risk types. Preventive measures include vaccination and regular screening. Non-melanoma skin cancers are primarily caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation and genetic predispositions.Carcinogenesis is multifactorial and complex, involving genetic mutations in tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, environmental factors like tobacco smoke, UV radiation, dietary carcinogens, and chemical exposures. Infectious agents like HPV and HBV contribute to carcinogenesis through chronic inflammation and genetic instability.Preventive strategies aim to reduce exposure to carcinogens, modify lifestyle behaviors, and implement vaccination and screening programs. Tobacco control measures, including smoking cessation programs and taxation, are vital in reducing smoking-related cancers. Lifestyle changes, such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and weight control, also lower cancer risks. Vaccination against HPV and HBV is effective in preventing cervical and liver cancers, respectively. Screening programs like mammography, Pap smears, colonoscopy, and skin examinations facilitate early detection and treatment.Governments play a crucial role by establishing occupational health agencies and public health administrations to prevent the introduction of carcinogens in workplaces and the environment. Promoting healthy societies involves encouraging the consumption of nutritious foods, regular vaccinations and screenings, and eliminating hazardous environmental factors. These practical measures are essential in developing evidence-based programs to reduce cancer cases and enhance patients' quality of life. .Keywords: HPV ,HBV, UVradation,BCG